Monday, September 30, 2019

“The Destructors” by Graham Greene Essay

Graham Greene the author of â€Å"The Destructors† and Richard Connell the author of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† both used a similar mood in their stories. Connell placed his story on an island in the Caribbean that was dark and scary, it had a reputation of death and separation. Greene placed his characters in a post war zone in London where there seemed to be little hope of life. Greene’s setting was urban with many young English boys as his main characters; Connell contrasted that with a sole island with only two main inhabitants and a pack of dogs. Both authors wrote stories that have very troubled characters. The characters also reflect a dark mood to go along with the setting. The Credibility was reasonable for both stories and I believed both stories could happen. Rainsford and â€Å"T† were good characters and the setting a great deal influenced them both. I related more to the atmosphere of â€Å"The most Dangerous Game† but did not have any problem picturing either one while reading the stories. â€Å"The Destructors† took place in London post world war II 1939-1945 on Bank Holiday, which is a 3-day weekend that takes place in Britain a few times a year. â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† took place on a remote tropical island in the Caribbean and was sometime after the First World War. The first similarity between the two stories is the dark mood that both setting portray, nighttime on an island in the middle of the ocean and post war stricken London. Another similarity is how both setting portray a holiday or vacation idea. The Setting of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is exactly the kind of setting you would need to pull of the kind of â€Å"game† secluded from the day to day bother of other people who might be passing by, no law enforcement to bother you with the accusation of murder. â€Å"The Des tructors† setting is a little harder to believe that this could happen and that a group of kids could pull it off. I have done a lot of demolition and I know how hard it is and how long  it can take. Rainsford was a great hunter even before he got marooned on this island but I’m sure the fact that he was now the prey raised his level of survival necessity. If he was on the island and he needed to rebuild a boat to escape he might not have faired as well but that is only conjecture. With â€Å"T† his character is total based on the setting of the story. If you change the setting you will change â€Å"T† and his whole objective and attitude. The atmosphere or the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation in â€Å"The Destructors† was depressing and dark. I envision rubble and burnt remains of buildings all around with only a few homes left standing in the area. On the Island I see a wonderful tropical paradise that is very inviting although dark and lonely when Rainsford falls from the boat and a wonderful place to visit with lush forest and flowers with sandy beaches. This to me the biggest difference between the two stories, one is set in the busy c ity while the other is secluded. One symbol I see in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is the Island being an image of being alone and needing to survive on your own, one man and his fight against one man. In â€Å"The Destructors† I felt like the symbol was the Wormsley Common Gang against the world or at least against Old Misery. This was a symbol of mans need to sometimes break the rules just because we can get away with it. Greene and Connell both used a similar mood in their stories. Connell placed his story on an island in the Caribbean that was dark and scary, it had a reputation of death and separation. Greene placed his characters in a post WWII zone in London where much hope for the future was lost. The setting for â€Å"The Destructors† was urban with many young English boys as his main characters; â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† contrasted that with a lonely island with only two main inhabitants and a pack of dogs. References: Connell, R. (1924). The most dangerous game. Greene, G. (1954). The destructors.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Evolution of the Nation & the Civil War Essay

The end of the Civil War brought about political and economic reform to the United States. Reforms in the Reconstruction Period were passed to foster and maintain economic activity, creating industries and expanding businesses, contributing to the boom of Industrial Revolution in the country. Years of political clout and debate remarkably laundered constitutional amendments for the black man’s rights (Oberholtze, 1917). Inventions paved the way to the development of new industries such as telecommunication, transportation, electricity and construction. The discovery, access to and processing of raw materials -facilitated by technology- allowed products to be transported from manufacturing factories to populated areas for distribution. Such enterprise development measures were supported by the improvement of the transport and communication system via paved roads, bridges, canals, railroads and the telegraph. New jobs were created to cater to the needs of the fast growing economy and population. Enormous infrastructures were built to accommodate the growing city dwellers and workers. Increase in profits of manufacturing industries encouraged a steady influx of immigrants working in the production lines (Engerman, 2000). Competition and increasing market goals forced companies to expand trade and operations in other countries, imperialism’s objective. Altogether, technological advancement, cheap labor and availability of capital led to America’s heavy industrialization. This period of rise and fall largely contributed to America’s development into a superpower. However, as a young nation, America was set back with undesirable impacts of industrialization. As production staff volume increased, conflict between workers and management grew. Industrial achievements due to aggressive marketing of manufactured goods and increased foreign trade introduced more white collar jobs facilitating corporate operations. Management and administrative work were better rewarded than assembly-line work, providing better opportunities for educated and powerful who came to enjoy lucrative lifestyles; while creating inequalities of wealth, discontent and rousing uprisings from laborers who formed unions to pursue their rights. Marxist leaders helped reshape capitalist thought and corporate laws. Growing market demand meant increasing supply needs leading to resource exploitation in some areas leaving irreparable damage to the environment. Concern for increased production overshadowed the seemingly abundant resources. Even large corporations who came to have leverage in policy-making used their power to generate more profit. Developments in transportation made it easy for people to move about creating a melting pot of US residents and migrants, gave way to explosion of population in urban areas, forming cities. The attraction of immigrants made uprisings in social injustices -competition and aggression- between old American settlers versus the new immigrants. Urban legislators targeted services to win the votes of increasing foreign workers maligning the democratic electoral process. Too aggressive amassing and building of wealth and power triggered the economic crash of 1873 when the government’s major investment bank, financer of government reconstruction loans and the Northern Pacific Railroad, crashed (Bancroft, 1902). For many years, new business management styles were practiced by corporations, every time cleaning up failed ventures with hopefully better alternatives. Many times, the finance and investment sector failed but lessons were dealt with outmost concern for capital and development-oriented sources. As population grew in cities, people moved to occupy the western territories. Development gradually followed increasing the number of states joining the union. At the same time, America had growing concern for the rapid growth of the British Empire. Following British example, America colonized territories and expanded the home base and also the market for its produce. American industrialists pushed for westward progression, integrating the continent-wide unified market reducing production cost and increasing value per output of production enabling American working class to earn higher than counterparts across the globe. Higher wage was initially purported by higher bid of wage levels experienced in the pre-industrialization era using slave-labor and eventually sustained by capitalism during the reconstruction period despite the increase in laborers and economic conflict many years after. Nevertheless, the labor force and farmers suffered greatly being dependent on businesses that supported their sources of income (McElvaine, 1993). The years of depression was a roller coaster ride for most corporate giants who still reap the most benefit even during economic downfall. During World War I, America tapped the international market (McElvaine, 1993). They penetrated into countries that did not have resources for food production. US production increased to cater to the needs of incapacitated economies. With its strong capitalist foundation, the US took advantage of World War I devastation across Europe and Japan (Olson, 1988). Forced to reduce trade barriers, Europe, Japan and their colonies were opened to globalization, with efforts initiated by American powers. Development of farm machinery automated farming practices and increased US production. The US became the world’s foremost producer of agricultural products in power economies like Europe and Japan were destroyed. The downside, farmers became all the more dependent on new businesses offering loans, transportation, equipment manufacturers and middle men who facilitated crop entry into international markets. Though, when the war ended, competition became stiff forcing America to make internal changes to beef up industrial efforts. This led to the development of advertising and marketing strategies encouraging people to consume. People wanted to get away from the prolonged depression and rode with the bandwagon, buying what advertisers offered. A mass culture of consumerism proliferated. This was made possible even for people who would not afford through the credit system, promoting instant access to commodities and luxuries and deferring payment with terms (McElvaine, 1993). Many US bankers reached across the globe and lent European countries for post war reconstruction. Economic instability after war did not go along US banks’ objectives and increased the risk of non-payment of loans. This would eventually lead to the Great Depression affecting businesses and communities worldwide. The entire financial industry suffered leading to property and business closures (Olson, 1988). The imposition of higher taxes on imports caused local markets to patronize locally manufactured goods. However, other countries retaliated by imposing high taxes on US exports, resulting in less foreign trade profits and eventually less power in international market penetration (McElvaine, 1993). The growing rate in stocks investment of major industrial companies caught the attention of many. Stock buying became a trend, relying in the belief that this will make people rich. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 marked the domino economic disruption made vulnerable by unequal distribution of wealth and banking problems. Renewed global strategy in achieving international trade through humanitarian and democratic efforts became America’s initiative to promote global security. Priority was also given to secure citizens through provision of social welfare. State-governed economic planning organized nationwide industrial regulations to propel the rise from the Depression. Powerful American businesses have lobbied for rights in exploring resources in other countries despite conservative and anti-colonialism proponents in US government limited US economic expansion. However, open trading between economies leveled the playing field in production and markets. The Progressive Era marked a turning point of US imperial power into a more humanist and democratic torch bearer in an effort to resolve the problems and issues brought about by industrialization and urbanization. Leaders focused on long-term goals, core values and implementation of development programs. Reformists, including President Franklin Roosevelt in the New Deal, sought to end monopolies, destroy political corruption and lessen the gap between the affluent and poor. Through the New Deal, authorized nationwide assistance to socio-economic development of individuals. Agencies were set up to provide employment, regulate mortgage and housing conditions, administered social security, consumer rights and raised funding for education, food and drug safety. Concerns of the working and business class were brought together (Mintz, 2006). Progressive ideologies affected political, social and cultural movements in the local and eventually made impacts on international human rights revolution and the initiation of international governing bodies to secure international relations in politics and economics. Radical changes in international standards and relationships were fostered. The UN and the NATO was founded in 1945 and 1948, respectively. The US became stronger despite its diversity. Operation Breadbasket was launched to increase employment of cultural minorities. From its indistinguishable character, America’s economic, social and technological transformation continues to awe the world. Today, its mandate for democracy and freedom still thrive and inspire other nationalities. References Bancroft, H. (1902). The Financial Panic of 1837. The Great Republic By the Master Historians Vol. III. Retrieved 11-5-2008 from http://www. publicbookshelf. com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_Vol_III/thepanic_ce. html Engerman, S. and K. Sokoloff. (2000). Technology and Industrialization, 1790-1914. In The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McElvaine, R. S. (1993). The Great Depression: America 1929-1941. Three Rivers Press. Mintz, S. (2006). Learn About the Progressive Era. Digital History. Retrieved 11-5-2008 from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/modules/progressivism/index. cfm. Oberholtze, E. (1917). A History of the United States since the Civil War, Vol. 1. Macmillan. Olson, J. (1988). from World War I to the New Deal, 1919-1933. Historical dictionary of the 1920s. New York : Greenwood Press.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Tale tell heart (edga allenr poe) Research Paper

Tale tell heart (edga allenr poe) - Research Paper Example It is a graphic novel that relates how a man kills another man, and yet is convinced that he is not mad. The story opens when an unnamed narrator says that he is not insane, but nervous. He is of the view that the disease afflicting him has made his senses sharper. He talks about an old man who has never harmed him; yet the old man’s blue eye frightens him. The narrator observes the old man closely and one day, he murders him. He cuts the body into pieces and hides them under the floorboards. Soon, he starts hearing sounds coming from the floorboards. The sounds are that of a heart beating and the narrator thinks that it is the old man’s heart. When the police come, the narrator gets scared that they will hear the thumping of the heart. Caught in his vacillating emotions, the narrator panics and admits the crime (Jackson 176). After reading the story, it can be suggested that the hypersensitivity of the narrator was the reason for his downfall. This essay aims to reflec t upon this hypothesis and establishes the extent to which the dramatized and exaggerated emotions of the narrator culminate in him owning up to his crime. The essay provides three lines of argument and follows them up with a conclusion. The dramatized emotions of the narrator are an important indicator of his hypersensitivity. In the opening sentences of the story, the narrator claims to be nervous, not insane. Throughout the story, the narrator tries to justify the rationality of his actions by refuting that he is mad. He considers himself innocent even though he murdered a man, who has never harmed him. The narrator does not kill the man to gain any benefits. He is spurred into action by the blue eye old man. The narrator is indeed mad and the accrual and buildup of emotions of the period of time exceeds the tolerance threshold of the narrator, such that he is unable to hide his secret any longer. Bloomfield and Costa assert that the story is

Friday, September 27, 2019

US fiscal deficit Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US fiscal deficit - Annotated Bibliography Example "Long Term Fiscal Imbalances, Us External Liabilities and Future Living Standards". The Long-Term International Economic Position of the United States. By Bergsten, C. Fred. 1st Ed. New York: Peterson Institute, 2009. 11 - 23. Print. This chapter of the book focuses on the rising deficit of USA , decreasing savings among corporate and households and increasing external debt liabilities of USA. It explores the interrelationship among the three. It warns that exports from USA are continually decreasing with the rise of China which makes our external debt huge. This external debt coupled with fiscal deficit can cause problems for the economy in future if the saving rate does not increase. Conason, Joe. "Dick Cheney was right : Deficits dont matter and Republicans who are complaining about Barak Obamas spending are hypocrites." 2009. Web. 19 Mar 2013. . This article is about 2 major points. The first point which has been raised is that although Republicans are having been responsible for raising most of the United States debt. The second point mentioned is that national debt does not really matter provided that it is incurred to create long term growth for the country. Productive debt which kick starts the economy is much more beneficial in the long term which more than covers the short term negative effects of the debt. Concordcoalition.org. "Understanding the Federal Debt Limit | The Concord Coalition." 2013. Web. 19 Mar 2013. .

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Should smoking be banned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should smoking be banned - Research Paper Example the university student smokers in this investigation as explicated by Al-Dawood reported to have started smoking between the ages of ten and fifteen (150). While this trend is continuing, it is worth noting that the negative effects of smoking are far-reaching. With regards to the extensiveness and seriousness of the effects of smoking, it is justified to allude that smoking should be banned. This paper explicates the reasons why smoking should be banned. Smoking is one of the leading causes of death according to Desapriya et-al (1158). This is in relation to second hand smoke that affects the health of individuals. In the US alone, Desapriya et-al posits that in excess of 126 million individuals are today at risk of developing health problems relating to smoking due to second hand exposure. Approximately 22 million of these are considered to be children (1158). In this viewpoint, smoking ought to be prohibited as it risks the lives of innocent children and the public as well. A large proportion of people in the world have been reported to have died as a result of second hand smoke. The incidence of these deaths are estimated to be approximately fifty thousand casualties annually in the US (1158). Prohibiting smoking especially in public places could be in line with the protection of the civil liberties of members of the public. In other words, prohibiting smoking could save the public from the harmful consequence related to second h and exposure to cigarette smoke. In the achievement of this action plan, Desapriya et-al (1158) asserts that various countries have in fact implemented strategies geared towards deterring people from smoke in public places such as workplaces and hotels. The most substantial reason that supports the prohibition of smoking is probably its effect on unborn foetuses. Smoking is considered very addictive and therefore, many female smokers face a lot of challenges in relation to relinquishing the smoking habit during pregnancy. Figures

Can politics ever be considered just for Augustine Essay

Can politics ever be considered just for Augustine - Essay Example The great influence that his teachings had and continue to have in the modern period can be attributed to his persuasive nature, since the was able to influence the basic processes through which the Christian church operates today; not only the catholic church but also the Eastern Orthodox and the Protestants. With this in mind, it would be prudent to ensure that the teachings of this man are studied so that it can be determined whether he considered politics to be just or not. If one considers Augustine’s teachings, one would come to the conclusion that he believes politics can be just because of his belief in free will. Free will, according to Augustine, is an essential part of the human connection with God (Elshtain, 2004). While this may be the case, he lived during an age where many individuals were often subjected into lifelong servitude and slavery. The latter people did not have the free will to be able to make their own choices in life and only had to submit to the wi ll of their masters, a fact which would not have been in agreement with Augustine’s beliefs. ... democratic system where the free will of an individual is what determined whether he participated in the politics of his society or not (Visser, 2010). The fact that many of the individuals who lived in the Roman society lacked free will because of the autocratic government that was in place, may have had an influence on the teachings of Augustine, who, despite not having been born a Christian, was among those who developed the doctrine of free will in the religious and political scene of the time. According to Augustine, free will existed because it was granted by God, so that in order for an individual to achieve it, it had to be granted by God (Valk, 2009). The fact that some individuals in the society did not possess free will was because God had not seen it fit to grant it to them and this ensured that they were not yet worthy of it. It can be said that those individuals who have the free will to participate in politics have been granted this privilege by God and since God is co nsidered to be just, then there is justice in politics. Free will is absolutely essential to human nature as this is what determines what individuals do with their live, whether good or evil. The ability to make this choice is among the most fundamental aspects of politics because it enables individuals to take differing viewpoints without necessarily having to see eye to eye on some matters. It was this teaching which came to be adopted by the protestant movement, especially the Calvinists, who accepted Augustine’s teaching that there is both free will and divine grace, and as such, the will of an individual is often predestined. One of the conditions which Augustine considers to be necessary for individuals to attain free will is the keeping and fulfilling of all the commandments of

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Household Env Impact Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Household Env Impact - Lab Report Example The experiment was done based on the highest national average of household water consumption --- toilet flushes. It was hypothesized that lesser water can be used to flush toilets as effectively. If the water consumption in flushing toilets can be decreased by a third of the normal use, this could save around 10% of the total household water consumption. The results of the experiment showed that water conservation was 12.5% to 15.5% of the total water usage. Lab Report: An Experiment on Household Water Consumption Introduction According to the American Water Works Association, Americans are the biggest water consumers worldwide. According to the Colorado Water Research Center, the average daily household water consumption is 400-500 gallons, which means that an average person uses around 80-100 gallons of water per day. Some statistics claim that average per capita water consumption is even higher than 150 gallons per day. With all these numbers, the biggest percentage of individual/ household water use --- an estimate of 26% --- goes to flushing the toilet. The next biggest household water consumption goes to clothes washers, which eats up around 22% of daily household water use. The third biggest water consumption goes to showers and baths, which eats up around 19% of daily household water use (U.S. Geological Survey). ... 452 & Willis et al. 1998). Background Water is a valuable source of life. Using water resources efficiently and wisely will help fill the needs of both the private and public sectors. Households, farms, businesses, and industries all need water to survive and flourish (Chimbari et al. 451). Furthermore, water is essential not only to humans, but to all living organisms as well. Everyone, from individuals to large industries, water use should be appropriately shared to avoid water shortages especially in times of fluctuating and limited supplies. Water availability depends on several factors. One of the most talked about issue that affects water supply nowadays is climate change. The rapid and continuous increase in the population also means that more water is consumed even if the supply does not really change. Urban development also means that there are now more paved surfaces that cause a decrease in rainwater absorption by the ground. Water conservation is essential to ensure adequ ate water supply in the future, and everyone can take part in this very simple task (Yung, Tolson, and Burn 252-4). Objective This experiment aims to cut down water supply by approximately 10% by limiting water waste in toilet flushes. Hypothesis If the average household water consumption in flushing the toilet is around 104-130 gallons per day when using a 3-5 gallon toilet flush, then using a 2-gallon flush can cut down this number and save at least 10% of the average household water consumption. Materials A working toilet flush Empty plastic bottle (one 1-gallon or 2 half-gallons) Small pebbles or sand (will fit the mouth of the bottle) Bottle cap/s Chart/table to record water meter readings Clock (or 24-hour timer) Water meter

Monday, September 23, 2019

Job Statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job - Personal Statement Example Part of my current role as Support Assistant is to prepare learning material for these children, according to their abilities. I have also regularly worked with a private speech and language therapist, and have found this experience both useful and satisfying. Apart from this, I have liased with two outreach teachers from special schools in the borough, to make provisions for two autistic children I currently support. At Uphall, having worked in the nursery and foundation stages, I have had exposure to existing practice and procedure. My NVQ 2 and my Diploma in Social Work have helped in this. Besides, my BA (Hon) degree in primary education has enabled me to acquire in-depth knowledge of childhood studies and the connected policy aspect, ranging from the Discrimination Act to Every Child Matters and the S.E.N code of practice. My strengths in the curriculum are in Maths and I.C.T activities as well as in other languages.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

The Debate Over Standard English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Debate Over Standard English - Essay Example This paper illustrates that students have to be taught something, and so Standard English has become a way of attempting to overcome the differences which are, in reality, an inevitable part of language use. This standardization presents two linguistic problems. The first is that there is no one form of English which has officially been taken as standard. The second is that even were such an agreement to exist, any form of English is constantly subject to changes in usage by the people who use it. Â  It is first necessary to explore and challenge current issues present in the definition of Standard English. Trask puts forward some useful key points which he considers fundamental in the definition of Standard English. The first is that ‘Standard English itself is not quite uniform: for example,e there are detectable differences between standard American and standard British English’. These differences, although they do not inhibit understanding between speakers, are clea r evidence of the fallacy of a standard English. Indeed, it is necessary to speak not of ‘English’ but rather of Englishes. The use of this plural in a number of critical works on the subject is already clear evidence that standard English is an unsuitable term. Gilsdorf is more emphatic in underlining the differences in standard English than Trask. Trask plays down this difference, while Gilsdorf states that ‘English, of course, is multiple Englishes. We are familiar with the U.S.’s regional dialects and to some degree with British English, Australian English, and Irish English, and perhaps a few others. Differences can be considerable’. To say that standard English is ‘not quite uniform’, therefore, is somewhat of an understatement.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Eriksons Theories Personal Portrait Essay Example for Free

Eriksons Theories Personal Portrait Essay Erik Erikson’s and Lawrence Kohlberg developed several different theories that demonstrated each phase of our lives. Their theories demonstrated how each stage developed and how the stages help to make us who we are today. We develop, learn, and revolutionize through developmental and moral developments. This paper will illustrate how each developmental and moral development represents each stage of life. Erik Erikson’s stages of developmental theory consist of eight stages of development versus Lawrence Kohlberg’s six stages of moral developmental theory. Both of these theorists beliefs were different when it came to the breakdown of each stage. Erikson’s infant stage which consisted of trust vs. mistrust which is â€Å"the need for maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment( Patient Teaching, 1990).† This is a stage that I cannot relate to because I do not have any memories from infancy. Kohlberg’s first stage is â€Å"obedience and punishment† which relates that a â€Å"child assumes that powerful authorities hand down a fixed set of rules which he or she must unquestioningly obey (Kohlberg, 1958b). For example, your principle in your elementary school down to your teacher is an authority figure. I relate to Kohlberg’s stage because I can remember growing up and knew that my parents, teachers, and principles were my authority figures. I knew that I must obey them and if I did not that it would result in severe punishments and sometimes multiple punishments from each individual. Being a female, a felt that I feared authority figures more than my brothers or other boys in my class. Second stage of Erickson’s was the â€Å"toddler† stage â€Å"autonomy vs shame and doubt-works to master physical environment while maintaining self esteem â€Å"The second stage occurs between 18 months and 3 years. At this point, the child has an opportunity to build self-esteem and autonomy as he or she learns new skills and right from wrong. The well-cared for child is sure of himself, carrying him or herself with pride rather than shame. During this time of the â€Å"terrible twos†, defiance, temper tantrums, and stubbornness can also appear. Children tend to be vulnerable during this stage, sometimes feeling shame and low self-esteem during an inability to learn certain skills (Erikson, 1968).† Kolberg’s second stage â€Å"Individualism and Exchange† â€Å"At this stage children recognize that there is not just one right view that is handed down by the authorities. Different individuals have different viewpoints (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 24).† Both Erikson’s and Kohlberg’s theory can be a demonstrated at an early childhood stage. One learned that they were an individual and that one had to respect authority figures. I can remember a time that I was in preschool and I was asked why I took another child’s crayon. I remember stating to the teacher that I wanted my crayons to remain new. I was already developing a sense of being selfish and using others. That was not the route to take which was expressed to me by both my teacher and my parents. The third stage is â€Å"Initiative vs. Guilt† which demonstrates â€Å"purpose† â€Å"During this period we experience a desire to copy the adults around us and take initiative in creating play situations. We make up stories with Barbie’s and Ken’s, toy phones and miniature cars, playing out roles in a trial universe, experimenting with the blueprint for what we believe it means to be an adult. We also begin to use that wonderful word for exploring the world—†WHY?†(Erikson, 1968)† Whereas Kolhberg’s stage result in â€Å"good interpersonal relationships† At this stage childrenwho are by now usually entering their teenssee morality as more than simple deals. They believe that people should live up to the expectations of the family and community and behave in good ways. Good behavior means having good motives and interpersonal feelings such as love, empathy, trust, and concern for others. Heinz, they typically argue, was right to steal the drug because He was a good man for wanting to save her, and His intentions were good, that of saving the life of someone he loves. Even if Heinz doesnt love his wife, these subjects often say, he should steal the drug because I dont think any husband should sit back and watch his wife die (Gibbs et al., 1983, pp. 36-42; Kohlberg, 1958b). These two stages are somewhat different in comparison. Erikson’s theory is basically demonstrates how a child mimics what he or she see by using inanimate objects. I believed every little girl played house with Barbie and little boys played cowboys and Indians. I loved to play in my doll house at the age of 4 and older. I also was starting to demonstrate what was right or wrong. Erikson’s fourth stage â€Å"School-Age Child (Competence) – Industry vs. Inferiority† â€Å"the Latency, we are capable of learning, creating and accomplishing numerous new skills and knowledge, thus developing a sense of industry (Erikson, 1968).† Kohlberg fourth stage is â€Å"Maintaining the Social Order reasoning works best in two-person relationships with family members or close friends, where one can make a real effort to get to know the others feelings and needs and try to help (Crain, 1985, p 124).† These two stages exemplify several social skills. There are alike in detail. The age range from 6 to 12 is a very adequate age. I can recall being in the 4th and 5th grade and starting to have friends. I was a cheerleader and was learning that you have to be social in order to develop friendships. I was also taught by parents that little boys teased and picked on me because they liked you. I did not understand this but as I got older I slowly started to understand the concept of relationships. Next, the fifth stage of Erikson is â€Å"Identity vs. Role Confusion – Fidelity† â€Å". At this point, development now depends primarily upon what a person does. An adolescent must struggle to discover and find his or her own identity, while negotiating and struggling with social interactions and â€Å"fitting in†, and developing a sense of morality and right from wrong (Erikson, 1968)† Thus, Kohlberg’s fifth stage is â€Å"social contract and individual rights respondents basically believe that a good society is best conceived as a social contract into which people freely enter to work toward the benefit of all. They recognize that different social groups within a society will have different values, but they believe that all rational people would agree on two points. First they would all want certain basic rights, such as liberty and life, to be protected (Crain, 1985, p.125).† I feel that both of these stages are very similar. We want society to help us while giving back to society. It shows a sense of being part of something big. For example, I like the fact that I am able to vote. I believe that voting is a huge part of being part of society. It is important to know and feel that importance. The sixth stage of Erikson is â€Å"Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation – Love† â€Å"the age is from 18-35, at the young adult stage, people tend to seek companions hip and love. Some also begin to â€Å"settle down† and start families, although seems to have been pushed back farther in recent years (Erikson, 1968).† Final stage of Kolhberg is â€Å"universal principles which believes that there must be a higher stagestage 6which defines the principles by which we achieve justice (Crain, 1985, p132).† These two stages are very different. Erikson is speaking about finding love which is considered your soul mate. Ages 18 through 35 is the common age that people start settling down and having children. I was 21 when I gave birth to my daughter. I tried to stay with her father which was 7 years older than me. He had not matured and did not want to step up to his responsibilities, even though he was much older than me. Kohlberg felt that stage 6 which resulted in the final decision of respecting each other’s beliefs. I find myself using an open mind and not judging anyone for their differences. I can relate to both of these stages. Erikson’s last two stages are â€Å"Middle-aged Adult: age ranges from 35 to 55 or 65 and the stage is Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation which is defined as Care â€Å"Career and work are the most important things at this stage, along with family. Middle adulthood is also the time when people can take on greater responsibilities and control (Erikson, 1968).† Next, â€Å"Late Adult: age ranges from 55 or 65 to Death and the stage Integrity vs. Despair defined as wisdom As older adults, some can look back with a feeling of integrity — that is, contentment and fulfillment, having led a meaningful life and valuable contribution to society. Others may have a sense of despair during this stage, reflecting upon their experiences and failures( Erikson, 1968).† I am not at either stage of my life. I am very close to middle age. I actually consider myself to be a middle aged adult now. I am focused on furthering my career and supporting my family. I feel that this stage should be very important to both males and females. I have learned from working in the criminal justice field that this stage is not very important to males in society. There are more men in prison and jail than there are females. These men do not put the proper priorities in order to stay stable and have legitimate career. I am destine to reach far beyond 65 and live my life prosperous. In Closing, these two theorists had the same theories in mind. They described each stage of development differently. There concepts both compared and contrast with each other’s stages. I related to both theorists. I consider my life as a mirror of both Erikson’s and Kohlberg’s stages. Their phases exemplify positive and refined steps of everyone’s life. References Crain, W.C. (1985). Theories of Development. Prentice-Hall. pp. 118-136. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Multi- Level Car Park System Project

Multi- Level Car Park System Project Career Episode 1 CE 1.1 INTRODUCTION During my engineering degree, I worked on a project called Multi- Level Car Park System in my 6th semester. So, my first career episode describes that project. I did my Bachelors Degree in Electronics Communication from Surya School of Engineering Technology affiliated to Punjab Technical University. I completed my engineering in 2013. This project was completed in six months and under the leadership of Prof. Neha Batra Sharma who was a microcontroller lecturer. CE 1.2 BACKGROUND In this century, every person is trying to find ways in which work can be done easily and fast. There are lot of developments that have been done that are based on automation. The projectÂÂ   makes use of this concept which is cooperative for everyone. In this project, I am trying to solve the traditional parking system which is noisy, trouble for users and has risk of accidents. For these problems and to reduce human efforts I have introduced an automation based multi-level parking system which utilizes minimum space possible and many cars can be parked making it time saving and risk free. Parking will be done in that same amount of place grated by the government but many cars can be accommodated. Here the driver of the car will just park the car at the entry point and then rest of the parking work will be done by this new system itself without the help of any valet driver. CE 1.3 The issue in every industry, building or office is of parking. Lot of space is needed to park a car. In traditional parking systems, man power i.e. drivers are required and as number of cars are increasing drastically in the market it creates a hazard for each driver who is on the road. If appropriate car parking is done then more cars can be parked. Also, there should be proper space that is need to be maintained between two car lens so a person taking his car out doesnt face any problem along with no wastage of space is done. The aim and objective behind this project is to lessen human efforts to park a car. In this system, I have made use of automation which is done by Arduino controller. This system will help to minimize the car parking area especially in areas where there is less space for parking. The automated car parking system will enable vehicles to be parked at each floor by floor and in limited amount of space, many vehicles can be parked. It is the modernized system of parking cars. CE 1.4 I had made a project strategy to plan the work I needed to perform along with the duration it would require by considering the level of complications and important areas of work. I started by putting the first thing in my plan as, to discuss the idea about project and do some research which was followed by designing of the model and studying Arduino controller. Which further involved implementation of the model and studying various programming techniques useful for this controller. It followed by final interfacing of components like servo motor, keypad etc. to complete the hardware and software part. I had also performed test run and troubleshoot on the system and made a detail project report. At every step, I kept my internal project guide involved and updated with my progress. CE 1.5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY After finalizing the title for my project, I started doing reviews on current scenarios in car parking and noted down all the difficulties and started to find solutions on it. There after I started to discover strategies on how to follow and go ahead with this solution. I divided the project implantation process in 2 portions: cark parking process and car taking process. And I developed a block diagram for the hardware which can be seen below. CE 1.6 Automation is basically the use of control system that will reduce the work or effort done by human in performing any task of goods and services. It basically eases it. in space of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Mechanization mostly provides human with machinery that will operate to assist them with any physical or muscular exertion requirement. Whereas automation significantly decreases the need for human physical and mental requirements. It plays an important role in the world now. Generally automated parking is a method of parking and retrieving cars automatically by using a system of pallets and lifts. It is a time saving and space saving method and it can be used for underground or leveled parking system. It enhances the safety and comfort of driver in constrained environment that requires experience and attention to steer the car. CE 1.7 I made use of following hardware components after performing studies on them. 1. Arduino controller is a tool used so that the system can sense and control the number of inputs and outputs. It is simply a microcontroller board on which programs can be coded. 2. L293 Motor drive IC a monolithic integrated high voltage device which is used as heat sink and to drive inductive loads and switching power transistors. 3. DC Motor used bidirectional DC motor that will rotate in both direction and generate torque directly and speed of 10rpm. 4. Servo motor used for precision positioning and are equipped with servo mechanism to control angular positions. 5. Keypad use of keypad is done to get inputs from the user to the system. User inputs car details and will input the parking spot for that car where it can be parked. CE 1.8 The internal circuitry working of this system can be described as when the power supply is given to the controller, it asks for input from the user. User enters the input via keyboard which then goes to Arduino microcontroller. Motor drive IC which is connected to the main motor receives data from the controller that is given by the user.ÂÂ   The controller will work as directed by the input and pass it to device IC accordingly and thus the motor will rotate. Thus, after car gets parked in the desired area, the key is pressed for that slot and it sends a 0 signal to the controller along with other necessary information of the car. The same procedure repeats for various other cars. The software part was coded based on C/C++ programming language. Though it seemed to be a simple code, it took lot of efforts in completion. I divided the whole code into parts and tried to code each segment separately and check its functionality and then combine it together so that it acts as one and performs in the desired fashion. I also took help from experts from the field of coding to achieve the desired result in my project. CE 1.9 The parking of the car process of my project: The limit switch tracks for any empty available parking spots so when the user inputs the details for parking, the loop continues to flow until it finds a slot for parking. When a slot is found, it will ask the user to input details and select from available slot. This input goes to the controller. The controller triggers the appropriate pin to give a vertical movement to the lift until floor detection key is pressed. After reaching the desired floor, the second motor is rotated to get to the desired area of parking. The servo motor rotates the lift outside and vertical motor moves downwards till it is parked in the slot. Once car is parked, the lift positions itself to the original position at the entry level. Picking the car from Parking process: When a user wants to take out his car from parking, it enters the details and the loop flows until he enters the slot number of the car parked. The slot number acts as an input for the controller and the same procedure is repeated until the car is taken out. The lift then levels itself to the entry level. CE 1.10 While performing this project, there were many hurdles in between. The first hurdle was construction of its hardware, as it requires lots of component and it structure was very heavy and bulky. And the controller was a new one for me so it took a while to understand its details and the way it functions. The other problem was with the software as I was not so proficient in making such complex codes. I took help from my seniors and project guide and they helped me overcome this hurdle. CE 1.11 SUMMARY Based on practical and theoretical knowledge in my field of electronics I prepared a working model that performs the required functionality. Various possible different solutions and options were taken into consideration and had been studied. And thus, after technical comparative study based on its merit and demerits I performed this system. The whole control of the system is done on Arduino controller board and its the main driving unit of the system. There is a lot of scope for expansion to this system by adding sensors and LCD display showing all parking spots and details. Overall this project helped me learn new things and it being my first every project in my own field of study, was a new experience. It helped me grow a lot in technical terms as well as at personal level.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Alexander the Great Arriving in Persepolis :: Ancient Greece Greek History

Alexander the Great Arriving in Persepolis I am Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia ruler of Greece. I have been king of Macedonia since my father's assassination five years ago. Since his death I have conquered much of the world. I am ruthless, and should anyone attempt to defeat me in battle, they are sure to die. The year I became ruler of Macedonia I set out to the city of Thessaly to restore Macedonia rule. After Thessaly submitted to me I conquered many states, and many other states freely submitted without battles. Two years after my father's death, my war with the Persians began. Near the city of Troy, I defeated the Persian army. In doing so, all the states of Asia then submitted their arms to me. A year later I would encounter the Persians again; this time the main Persian army would be my opponent. I defeated the Persian army led by King Darious III at the city of Issus, and a year later took the city of Tyre. Furthermore, Egypt surrendered to me. Perhaps they knew they could not defeat me in battle and thought it better not to try. I had now secured control of the entire eastern Mediterranean coastline. I now bring you to my present time in history. It has been five years since I became king of Macedonia, and I have once again defeated my enemy, King Darious III at Babylon. I am now setting my sights on penetrating into the walls of Persepolis. I am very excited about this, as I am planning to retrieving many treasures which lie behind the walls. This will be a very fulfilling defeat because the Persian Empire plundered Athens almost 15 decades ago. I cannot let this go and because of it I will penetrate Persepolis and defeat the Persians and consummate vengeance upon them. With my highly skilled army of about sixty-thousand men, I entered Persepolis and assumed control of its palace. I find myself in the heart of Persia. From the Persian treasury at Persepolis I seized a wondrous amount of money. It is a well deserved payback, and I must resort to the tradition of vengeance for what the Persians did when Xerxes invaded Greece some hundred and fifty years ago. Alexander turned the city over to his troops, who stormed through its streets, slaughtered men, plundered their property and stripped women of their jewellery.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Boston Tea Party Essay -- essays research papers

The Boston Tea Party   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people have heard about the Boston Tea Party. When American’s dumped British Tea in Boston Harbor. But not everyone understands the importance of it, and why the Tea Party is still remembered today. It was on December 16, 1773, when American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians threw 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company from ships into Boston Harbor. â€Å"The Americans were protesting both a tax on tea (the Townshend Acts) and the perceived monopoly of the East India Company (also the called English East India Company)† (Britannica p.1). The Townshend Acts were a series of four acts passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to assert what it considered to be its historic right of colonial authority through suspension of a recalcitrant representative assembly and through strict collection provisions of additional revenue duties. The British-American colonists named the acts after Charles Townshend, who sponsored them. â€Å"The Suspending Act prohibited the New York Assembly from conducting any further business until it complied with the financial requirements of the Quartering Act (1765) for the expenses of British troops stationed there† (Britannica p.1). The second act, often called the Townshend duties, and imposed direct revenue duties payable at colonial ports, on lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea. It was the second time in the history of the colonies that a tax had been levied solely f...

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Why Be Adolescent :: essays research papers

Why be Adolescent? I believe that I have caught on to the biggest scam in the history of the world. No I'm not talking about long distance phone companies, or CD clubs, or even public school. I'm talking about adolescence. Adolescence is the stage between 13, and the early adult, and late teen years. Adolescence is only found in 1st world countries that are descending from England in some way. The reason for that, I believe, is that a long time ago before the existence of America, Canada, or Australia, European countries were thought to be the most advanced, and proper. In almost all aspects of life there, things were ranked in a hierarchy system. They ranked their government system to have different levels of importance; their social status was ranked, church system, police, and finally age. The age hierarchy was not very complex. If you were older than somebody, than of course you were that much closer than the top, unless they had a higher general social status than you. With the branching of Europe, the European ways would follow. Observe the affect adolescence has on North America. Children are treated with extra care until about 13 or 14. Then the stage of adolescence starts. You are given responsibility. Nothing big, but just things like chores, and more time out. The intention of these is good, but it is all part of the plan to make the child ready to be an adult when they're 18. In many cases the child is not used to the responsibility until well after 18, because the change is so dramatic. This could be one the reasons that we have so many young criminals, ages 13-25. In many Asian, and African countries, which are not completely influenced by European culture, adolescence simply does not exist. They are not so worried about spanning the time of giving responsibility, but actually give it a little too soon if anything at all. A lot of the people in these countries don't have a lot of money, so they need the help from their offspring as soon as they can get it. In the extreme, a 14-year-old boy could be working to support his family with a jog for 1.25 an hour with a large American sports clothing line. This can't be good no matter how you look at it, but on the other hand, a boy who learns responsibility at the age of 13, by working for a relative or neighbor, doing physical labor can be very beneficial. The boy is not overwhelmed with the weight of his family's well being on his

Personal Academic Goals

The National Center for Education Statistics did a study on pay comparison between graduate and non-graduate workers. The study indicates that college graduates get paid an average of 38% more compare to those non-graduates. Therefore, finishing college is as important and should be a goal for most individuals if not everyone. My three personal academic goals that hope to achieve as a student here at the university are to earn a degree in management, learn how it affects roductivity in the workplace and also to improve written and oral communication skills.Understanding that going to college and graduate from it is no simple task. It involves numerous moving parts and those parts need to work together in harmony to achieve personal academic goals. Some of those moving parts that need enhancing are personnel responsibility, time management, written, and oral In my 24 years of military service, I did not take advantage of communications. acquiring a formal education even though the mil itary provides the opportunities and environment to take college courses and get a degree.When I was in the military, my priorities were more focus on getting the Job done making sure that military personnel get their personal records corrected and updated, get paid correctly and on time, provide briefs, submit reports, and conduct different types of trainings. After retiring from the military, my priority changes and academic success is in the front of it. By using my military educational benefits (GI bill) entitlement to jump start my desire to pursue higher learning and hoping to acquire a degree in management here at the university.The Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) researchers at the University of Michigan Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education (Eric Dey, 2008) that in categories they surveyed; students and professionals strongly agree that personal responsibility should be a major focus of a college education. The same study also demonstrates that 40% of college students acquire or develop personal responsibility while in college pursuing a degree.To me, personal responsibility is to admit and accept that no one is perfect, will make mistakes, take ownership of my actions, seek assistance when eeded, learn from it, and correct it. Time management is also important to students' academic goals, personal life, and career success. Setting short-term and long-term goals are an integral part of time management. In the book â€Å"Becoming a Master Student† (Dave Ellis, 2011, p. 61), emphasizes that students have enough time for the things they want to accomplish.It takes thinking about possibilities and making conscious choices (p. 61). Students know that there are 24 hours in a day and 168 hours in a week, â€Å"no more no less. † By making conscious effort to write down hould help meet deadline and task. As a student, I need to recognize that procrastination is the enemy of time management; fight it , destroy it, and stop it now! Managing and following time management diligently with no hesitation is a model for success for students to follow.Another key element to personal academic success is the importance of improving one's written and oral communication skills are vital in the workplace. The utilization of computers has been the greatest force for change in the environment and activities of an organization (Uhlig, 1977). Electronic evices, such as computers have been increasingly used as a medium in written and oral communications in the world of business today. To succeed, I have to learn the foundations of basic writing, grammar, and speaking in front of people.I must also understand that communications skills are a necessity and important in the business world not only in todays environment but also in the future, In conclusion, there are no shortcuts to academic success and that graduating from college are extremely difficult and time consuming. By improving, mastering, and applying acquired skills n personal responsibility, time management, oral, and written communications can prepare me to succeed in academic settings.Investing time, attention, patience, and perseverance must be the focal point of emphasis in achieving my academic goals. It is time to learn, conquer fear, fght procrastination, and enjoy every moment of it.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Constructivism Theory Essay

Constructivism is a communication theory that seeks to explain individual differences in the ability to communicate skillfully. Jesse Delia and his associates at the University of Illinois initially developed the theory of constructivism in the communication discipline during the 1970s (Delia, O’Keefe, & O’Keefe, 1982). Those who developed the constructivist approach to human communication were interested in understanding how people’s interpretations of the social world influenced their communicative behavior. Much of our early theorizing was influenced by scholars such as the Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget (1896–1980), and the American philosopher, George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), both of whom believed that effective communication depended on the ability to â€Å"take† (or imaginatively construct) the perspective of others. Because we viewed communication as a skill—as a practical art for accomplishing social purposes—we were particularly interested in understanding how individual differences in the perception of people and social events were related to the use of more and less effective forms of communication. Constructivism is the ability of a person to communicate with other people in social situations that present proficient correspondence with others. Constructivists in general are more concerned with mental structures than mental processes. It is based on the ability to speak with other person, which also means that messages must be created. Constructivism builds on how individuals build meanings. It is how we make sense of the world, interaction and ourselves. It is a humanistic theory and deals with individuals processing impressions. It is concerned with the cognitive processes that precede the actual communication within a given situation. Measuring and observing these cognitive processes can be a difficult task. While I agree that people who are able to adapt their messages to particular situations and audiences are more successful than those who are not able, saying that those who are more cognitively complex are always more successful is probably misrepresenting the truth. It is also a theory which emphasizes different layers of cognition. It shares Ontological and Epistemological assumptions. Constructivism deals with the cognitive complexity of an individual. Those who are cognitively complex are understood to be capable of perceiving interpersonal messages better and forming more â€Å"elaborate impressions of others† (Waltman, 2002).

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Araby Essay

In each story being initiated, the writer must always give valuable importance to the point of view being utilized by the narrator in the story. This valuable importance is given because it provides a sufficient impact to the reader in terms of the information occurring in the story and the perceptions that occurs in each and every mind of the character. In the Araby (Irving, 2007), the author utilized a narrator with the first person point of view, who is also a character in the story. In this case, the readers are being limited to the narrator’s/character’s perspective alone. The character acts and makes judgments in the story which shows biases and opinions to what is going in the story. With this type of narrator, the readers would be able to notice a wide range of information being shared from the character of the narrator itself.. The type of narration used in this story can be easily noticed for its usage of â€Å"I†. Having this type of point of view, the readers must be able to grasp the point of view being utilized in order to understand easily what is really happening in the story.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Relevance of Swami Vivekananda’s Thoughts in Management Education

Management education is a great beneficiary of Indian economic reform, where transformation from state controlled market to free market is imperative. In India, MBA degree has been perceived as a way of achieving assured careers and sound wages at early stage of life. The ambition of Indian youth today is to get a job in the business, industrial or service sectors and settle down well as early as possible. No doubt management education is needed an infusion of professional ability but the given value to society is equally important. Unfortunately, Management education in India has been so distorted and diluted in its execution as to lose nearly all the social intent. In whole spectrum, the role of intuition, value and social recognition gets short shrift in the Management education. Emphasis is only on the knowledge content, on which examination is conducted. All other useful knowledge areas and skills are vastly neglected. Like spiritual knowledge does not find an appropriate place in the curriculum. Therefore students have no opportunity to know about their faith, culture and values. The knowledge they gain is mainly bookish and is not backed by practical experience. About a century ago, Swami Vivekananda had envisioned a vision on education and had categorically pointed out that true education is not the amount of information that is put into one's brain. The human mind is not a bottomless dry well, which has to be filled in with buckets of information by the teacher. He had said that education has more to do with assimilation of ideas and developing ‘a mind of the same material as that of which the thunderbolt is made'. He suggested, was to be done with the help of ‘Western science coupled with Vedanta †¦ and faith in one's own Self'. What type of management education will provide this enlightenment? According to Swamiji, ‘The training by which the current and expression of will are brought under control and become fruitful is called education'. He wanted a man-making education ‘by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded, and by which one can stand on one's own feet'. Swamiji emphasized need of following points in education system. * Role of teacher * Spirituality * Accessibility of knowledge * Plural attitude Role of teacher Both the teacher and the student are active participants in the teaching-learning process. The teacher should look upon the student not as a mere physical being but as a living and dynamic mind that struggling to manifest the light of the infinite soul. The teacher should facilitate this process of self-discovery. Teacher should not try to fill the mind with information and knowledge only. Instead he should attempt to unfold the creativity within by stimulating and strengthening the mind. The teacher has to carefully nurture the conviction and faith in the mind of the students. Needless to say, teacher requires faith, patience, perseverance and firm conviction. This ideal of faith in oneself, or Atmashraddha, would be greatest gift of a teacher to the student. Spirituality Swami Vivekananda brings this out very clearly in his immortal works. He said: If there is any land on this earth that can lay claim to be the blessed Punya Bhumi †¦ the land where humanity has attained its highest towards gentleness, towards generosity, towards purity, towards calmness, above all, the land of introspection and of spirituality—it is India. †¦ the Indian race never stood for wealth. Although they acquired immense wealth, perhaps more than any other nation ever acquired, yet the nation did not stand for wealth. It was a powerful race for ages, yet we find that that nation never stood for power, never went out of the country to conquer. Quite content within their own boundaries, they never fought anybody. The Indian nation never stood for imperial glory. Wealth and power, then, were not the ideals of the race â€Å". Swami Ji enlightened that human peace and happiness depends not on the wealth they possess, or the power they wield, or the scholarship they have acquired, but by living a life of renunciation and having the awareness that they are part of the entire universe and that all constitute one family, V asudhaiva Kutumbakam. Accessibility of Knowledge Swami Ji emphasized on accessibility of education . He said: If the mountain does not come to Mohammed, Mohammed must go to the mountain. If the poor cannot come to education, education must reach them at the plough, in the factory, everywhere. How? You have seen my brethren. Now I can get hundreds of such [all-renouncing sannyasins], all over India, unselfish, good, and educated. Let these men go from village to village bringing not only religion to the door of everyone but also education†. Students must also be educated about the social world—the nature of the society he lives in, the laws that guide it, and the culture it has evolved. Plural Attitude In era of globalization people are coming closer than ever to each other. People of different languages, beliefs, religious faiths, political convictions and ways of life have come to live closely. Everyone has a right to his way of life. Dogmatism and bigotry have no place in globalized world. Therefore management education must instill these qualities in students. Thus, Swami Ji's thoughts on education are like an ocean. The more we ponder the more we get. We have to pursue the ideas of Swami ji with a deep sense of commitment to achieve objectives of education.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Life in Britain is expensive.As a result many mothers have to work to Essay

Life in Britain is expensive.As a result many mothers have to work to pay the bills. This has caused the break-up of family life and had a disastrous effect on - Essay Example are for under 2 years of age has gone up by 33% in the past 6 years (Easier Finance, 2008) and the cost of electricity and gas is up by 16% compared to last year (The Times, 2008) to quote a few. This situation has resulted in more people in a family especially mothers going out to work in order to make ends meet as revealed by a recent study that 1 in every 3 parent’s work (Easier Finance, 2008). There has been a substantial increase in the proportion of married mothers going to work since the mid-1960s according to an article published by McRae, S. According to a recent survey, the number of women going to work as increased by 18% since 1993 (Easier Finance, 2008).A major reason identified for this is the increasing cost of living and in addition work also provides women confidence in themselves, a way of exposing their skills and also increased social contact (Orr, J, 1997). The publicly funded childcare mounts to only 2 % of children under 3 years of age. While earlier on mothers took up part-time jobs now they prefer to go for full-time jobs in order to make ends meet (Orr, J, 1997, Reynolds, T, Calleder, C, Edwards, R, 2003).This trend of both the parents going to work has affected the quality time they spend with their children (Easier Finance, 2008). A study conducted has revealed that children of working mothers showed lesser educational achievement due to lack of ma ternal care (Orr, J, 1997). The study also showed that among working mothers, children of mothers who worked part-time fared better in examinations compared to those whose mothers worked full-time reflecting the fact that the amount of time spent on children by the mother had an influence on the cognitive development of the child. Another new trend that is fast growing is the atypical working hours taken up by mothers. This includes working at weekends and in shifts during weekdays in order to manage both home and work. A Recent study has revealed that children get to spend less time with

Thursday, September 12, 2019

THE CASE OF LinkedIn Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

THE OF LinkedIn - Case Study Example LinkedIn marketing team needs to conduct market research in the GCC region, especially the culture of the Muslim community. The operations of LinkedIn Company are all about interactions and exchange of ideas. If the market research can identify the specific culture of cooperation in the GCC region, then the company can increase the membership base (Rodrigues, Maccari & Lenzi, 2012). Furthermore, identifying the different groups of potential members such as the CEOs, the business people, the young professionals and many others, may help expand the membership volume. Additionally, the company should adopt a social media platform costumed to the language and lifestyle characteristics of the Asian, especially the Muslim community. Nevertheless, the company will incorporate some of the giant companies in the GCC region in the management team to lure the members from the GCC. The strategy of increasing the membership in the GCC region may not be the same as the ones used in Europe because the two regions have different national cultures. For example, the European market may view LinkedIn connection agenda as healthy, and many people in the area would be willing to participate. On the other hand, GCC region is a reserved culture, which views the interaction as intrusion into their culture and way of life. Therefore, Europe would need a little convincing since they would readily accept. Porter’s five forces analyzes the competitive environment for business firms. The LinkedIn is a professional networking company whose operations depend on the massive wave of social media interaction currently sweeping the globe. The first Porter model force is existing rivalry among competitors. The LinkedIn is facing competition from Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter. However, the level of this force is not high on LinkedIn because most of its competitors are more social

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Services Marketing Management - Comparison of two service Essay

Services Marketing Management - Comparison of two service sectors(broad explanation in the assignment criteria section) - Essay Example Traditionally, many service industries both business and non business sectors would not be market oriented, in fact, there are several reasons behind it. Marketing business and non business services include some basic elements as marketing goods. And they should focus on good services by defining their segments and target markets. The four main characteristics can differentiate services marketing from goods i.e. intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity and perishability. These factors should be followed in an effective manner to make service marketing strategy more good and successful. Wolver Hampton Bus Station is owned and operated by the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive. Under the authority of West Midlands Passenger Transport, they promote and develop public transport across West Midlands. (Transport and travel Research, 2005).This public transport service came into force on 1st October 2002. They work for the benefit and ease for the public in Wolver Hampton and all across West Midlands. They take responsibility to provide effective public transports to its customers. They also promise to provide good and effective service especially for blind and disabled people to make their travel easy and free of hurdles. Because wheelchairs and mobility scooters are increasing in UK, so, they also want to minimize that by providing the people with best and useful way of traveling. Service marketing is basically a concept of providing best services to its users and its customers. This company lacks in this area. They started the bus services but they didn’t provide any satisfactory services to its passengers. Customers are the king because they make the company successful. There were several other issues and problems in Wolver Hampton bus service which really dissatisfied its passengers. In short, this bus service failed to provide good services to their

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

El Mozote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

El Mozote - Essay Example Its mission was Operacion Rescate or in other words Operation Rescue, was to abolish the revolutionary existence in a small district of northern Morazan, where the FMLN had a base camp and a training area. On the arrival of the armed forces, the soldiers not merely found the villagers but the campaigners who have constructed a refuge in the neighborhood area. The military forces asked the villagers about the guerrillas and told them to lock themselves in their houses1. In the next two days, soldiers separated men and women plus children as well. During the morning they grilled torture and finished the men in various locations. After killing the men, they took women and older girls in groups, raped them and than killed them from their machine guns. Girls of age 12 were also raped under the alleged reason of supporting the guerillas. After killing the whole inhabitants, soldiers set up fire to the buildings. On December 13, they went to the village of Los Toriles, which is 2 km away from El Mozote. A lot of inhabitants managed to escape but the unfortunate were lined up and shot dead. However, the same thing was repeated in La Joya canton on December 11, in the village of La Rancheria on December 12 and in the village of Jocote Amarillo plus Cerro Pando canton on December 13. The victims of El Mozote were left unburied2. The guerrilla's secret radio station start

Monday, September 9, 2019

The Growth of Google Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Growth of Google - Research Paper Example Google’s mission is to shape the global information and make it comprehensively available and relevant. According to Google’s strategy and objectives, it believes that the most operational and profitable means to achieve its mission is to prioritize the interests of its customers. The company according to a well-undertaken research, have made conclusions that offering reasonably high-quality services results in enhanced traffic and stable promotion through word of mouth amongst the consumers. With regards to products and service delivery, Google seeks to work tirelessly in order to produce the most relevant, as well as valuable search results possible. On the other hand, Google aims to try its best to deliver the most relevant and useful marketing. If under any circumstances whereby an element on an outcome page attracts payment, the company will declare it to its users. Under their publication plan, advertisements should not interrupt at all. Google, like any other cor porate body or a private entity, envies a bright future; therefore, one of its principles is to work relentlessly in order to improve the user experience.In 1999, an announcement was made by Brin and Page to establish Google, from a couple of exclusive venture principal companies: Sequoia and Kleiner Perkins. By 2000, Google’s directory of more than one billion websites exceeded those of its competitors, therefore replacing Inktomi as Yahoo!’s search instrument. During this time, Google’s focus was primarily on algorithmic search.

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Course work 3 ( how the Marketing Communications Mix ) Essay

Course work 3 ( how the Marketing Communications Mix ) - Essay Example Moreover, Versace use their website as the advertising medium. They run separate advertising campaign on their website for fashion accessories and clothing, for both men and women. Versace also brings out its own magazine which keeps their customers informed of the latest trends in the fashion industry. They use their social responsibility efforts in advertising the brand. However, they do not spend money on advertising through the television. Understanding the importance of marketing, the owner tied up with a photographer to bring out the essence of his clothing in all advertisements (GLBTQ, 2002). Direct sales They reach out to the fashion conscious customer directly through Twitter where discussions on fabric, its quality and performance are openly discussed and suggestions/feedback invited. They have already segmented their target customers and know how to reach them. They have also created a string visible profile on the social networking sites and they have also ensured people know where and how to find them on the various networks. As people get connected they exchange view/opinions about the Versace products and this is how they achieve direct sales. The purpose of social media itself is to connect with people and not people connecting with brands. Sales promotions To build confidence among the customers, they offer 30-day money back guarantee (FragranceX, 2011).

Ugi reaction Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ugi reaction - Thesis Example Ugi Reaction The Ugi reaction subject has gained unprecedented prominent in recent chemical literature. An explosion of interest toward the Ugi reaction is explained by the rapid development of chemical technologies and the need to solve organic chemistry challenges in a cost-efficient manner. The history of the Ugi reaction dates back to the middle of the 20th century, but it was not before the beginning of the 21st century that its value and benefits for the evolution of organic chemistry were consistently recognized. Ivar Ugi is believed to be the father of all multicomponent reactions [28]. Ugi is also considered the grandfather of the whole combinatorial chemistry [29]. Today’s chemists rely on the advantages of the Ugi reaction, to synthesize diverse collections/ libraries of biologically interesting products. This is particularly the case of the drug industry, which relies on the premise of discovery and innovations and demands fast methods of chemical analysis and synt hesis of complex molecules. The Ugi reaction is a popular object of contemporary chemical research. Dozens of studies were performed to understand the hidden benefits of the Ugi reaction and its implications for chemistry. â€Å"The Ugi reaction is the one-pot condensation of an amine, aldehyde or ketone, isocyanide, and a nucleophile to afford ?-substitute carboxamide derivatives† [17]. ... The carboxylic acid is then added together with the imino carbon; acyl transfer rearranges the resulting acylated isoamide, leading to the creation of the desired product [17]. The benefits of the Ugi reaction are numerous. The Ugi reaction is believed to be the most convenient instrument for generating diverse libraries of chemical compounds [8; 9]. That the reaction occurs at room temperature also means that the reaction is relatively simply and cost-effective: it does not require using artificial additions and can be easily held without complex temperature-regulating mechanisms [9]. The Ugi reaction is extremely advantageous for generating pharmacologically active compounds and diverse molecules [9]. For example, it was extensively used to synthesize anti-malarial agents [9]. Most, if not all, Ugi reaction products tend to precipitate in pure form [9; 15; 21]. This is extremely important for the success of other chemical processes, as long as compound mixtures obtained during the Ugi reaction do not require costly purification prior to being used in other chemical procedures [6; 27]. For example, the Ugi reaction does not require the use of costly chromatography and, consequentially, reduces the costs of the process and the final product. Eventually, almost all compounds obtained during the Ugi reaction are quantifiable [6; 38]. No information about potential drawbacks of the Ugi reaction has been available so far. The current state of literature provides extensive information about the Ugi reaction and its practical applications. This is mostly because the Ugi reaction is gradually turning into the key element of chemical research and analysis, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. More and more chemical compounds are

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Natural monopoly Essay Example for Free

Natural monopoly Essay I believe that times change and as they, change rules and regulations must adapt to the times. Therefore, the treatment of the different industries must represent the different industries as they grow. I do not think the Telephone and Broadcast should never have or ever be considered a â€Å"Natural Monopoly†. The concept of natural monopoly presents a challenging public policy dilemma. On the one hand, a natural monopoly implies that efficiency in production would be better served if a single firm supplies the entire market. On the other hand, in the absence of any competition the monopoly holder will be tempted to exploit his natural monopoly power in order to maximize its profits. A natural monopoly is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a natural reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of scale require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be less efficient. Natural monopolies are typically utilities such as water, electricity, and natural gas. It would be very costly to build a second set of water and sewerage pipes in a city. Water and gas delivery service has a high fixed cost and a low variable cost. Electricity is now being deregulated, so the generators of electric power can now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, usually remain a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid. Cable as a Natural Monopoly Nearly every community in the United States allows only a single cable company to operate within its borders. Since the Boulder decision [4] in which the U. S. Supreme Court held that municipalities might be subject to antitrust liability for anticompetitive acts, most cable franchises have been nominally nonexclusive but in fact do operate to preclude all competitors. The legal rationale for municipal regulation is that cable uses city-owned streets and rights-of-way; the economic rationale is the assumption that cable is a natural monopoly. The theory of natural monopoly holds that because of structural conditions that exist in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure; and whenever these conditions exist, it is inevitable that only one firm will survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly. [5] Those who assert that cable television is a natural monopoly focus on its economies of scale; that is, its large fixed costs whose duplication by multiple companies would be inefficient and wasteful. Thus, competitive entry into the market should be proscribed because it is bound to be destructive. The Competitive Reality 1. A skeptic hearing exhortations that cable television is a natural monopoly that should be locally regulated could have some questions at this point. First, if cable is a natural monopoly, why do we need to guarantee it with a franchise? Economists Bruce Owen and Peter Greenhalgh argue persuasively that given economies of scale, if a cable company is responsive and efficient in its pricing and service quality then there will be little incentive for competitors to enter, and no need for an exclusionary franchise policy. [9] Thus, if entry restrictions are necessary to arrest competition, the industry by definition is not a natural monopoly. 2. Second, if cable is a natural monopoly, is it necessarily a local monopoly? Some observers use the terms interchangeably, but there is no evidence that economic laws respect municipal boundaries. Given large fixed costs, does it make sense to award a local franchise to one company when another already has facilities in an adjacent community? Yet such wasteful duplication, as the natural monopoly proponents would call it, occurs frequently under the franchise system. Local franchises make no sense in a true natural monopoly setting. 3. These questions, however, go to the heart of natural monopoly theory itself, a doctrine that is under increasing attack. [10] In the face of crumbling conventional wisdom in this area, the burden should be on the natural monopoly proponents to demonstrate that competition is not possible, and further, that regulation is necessary. Such a demonstration will prove impossible in the cable context. Cable is both extremely competitive, facing both direct and indirect market challenges, and, in any event, is better left unregulated. For many decades, economic textbooks have held up the telecommunications industry as the ideal model of natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is said to exist when a single firm is able to control most, if not all, output and prices in a given market due to the enormous entry barriers and economies of scale associated with the industry. More specifically, a market is said to be naturally monopolistic when one firm can serve consumers at lower costs than two or more firms (Spulber 1995: 31). For example, telephone service traditionally has required laying an extensive cable network, constructing numerous calls switching stations, and creating a variety of support services, before service could actually be initiated. Obviously, with such high entry costs, new firms can find it difficult to gain a toehold in the industry. Those problems are compounded by the fact that once a single firm overcomes the initial costs, their average cost of doing business drops rapidly relative to newcomers. The telephone monopoly, however, has been anything but natural. Overlooked in the textbooks is the extent to which federal and state governmental actions throughout this century helped build the ATT or Bell system monopoly. As Robert Crandall (1991: 41) noted, Despite the popular belief that the telephone network is a natural monopoly, the ATT monopoly survived until the 1980s not because of its naturalness but because of overt government policy. I hope that the above facts help support my beliefs that these industries should not be considered Natural Monopolies. These companies just executed and had better site than other in the same industry had. Today ATT is just as strong as it ever was. References Benjamin, S. M. , Lichtman, D. G. , Shelanski, H. , Weiser , P. (2006). FOUNDATIONS. In Telecommunications Law and Policy . (2nd ed. ). (pp. 437 469). Durham, NC : Carolina Academic Press. Foldvary, F. E. (1999). Natural Monopolies . The Progress Report. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from http://www. progress. org/fold74. htm Thierer , A. D. (1994). UNNATURAL MONOPOLY: CRITICAL MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELL SYSTEM MONOPOLY . 14(2).

Friday, September 6, 2019

Gaul Caesar applied Roman Essay Example for Free

Gaul Caesar applied Roman Essay When considering whether Julius Caesar was an effective leader two main areas must be taken into account; his generalship and his political positions of power within the Roman Republic. Effectiveness is the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result of success. This question depends on both his lifetime and the state in which he left Rome on his death. By approaching his entire political career, including his first consulship prior to his military career in Gaul, as well as his dictatorship and in terms of his military exploits, concentrating on the Gallic wars. Also using certain criteria of effective leaders and judge whether he stands up to them, such criteria include: decision making without compromising personal integrity, an ability to fit unforeseen circumstances within an ultimate design, persuasion and the skill to win people over, acceptance of criticism to maintain morale and the choice of competent subordinates. 1 By challenging Caesars personality, as seen through writings on his life, it will discern qualities which stand him as an effective leader and those that do not. It is important to keep in mind that he was a man who was overshadowed by his past and that of his relatives; a weak man suffering from epilepsy and a frail body and coming from a damaged noble family, a relative of Marius who had insulted the Senate greatly. It is certainly a great achievement of a man to be considered among the greatest of Roman generals and be dictator from such origins. There are furthermore a number of questions to approach when tackling this subject. First and foremost whether Caesars decisions, by analysis of the consequences, make him worthy of being viewed as an effective leader? In addition whether Caesar learnt from the past, most importantly the recent past, must be examined, and also a number of comparisons between himself and his contemporaries such as Pompey Magnus and Lucius Sulla. Was Caesars final victory of his own strategy and skills, or the failings of his opposition? Does assassination automatically mean failure as a leader? Was Caesar was justified in his actions? Especially military and how his wartime experience affected his later political career. First off approaching his military profession and subsequently then his political exploits; this allows creation of a clear comparison between his pre-war consulship and his dictatorship having explored his generalship. With all the evidence available of Caesar many interpretation are possible, as a tyrant or a benign dictator. Does some of this interpretation by historians that he was a tyrant lead him to be viewed as an ineffective leader? There is a clear two-sided argument to this debate, and Caesar is noteworthy but not exceptional. Caesars military service was exceptional and he had a great number of successes with minimal failures. As governor of Cisalpine Gaul and Gallia Narbonensis he adopted a strategy of forward defence, falling very much in line with the traditional Republican sentiment that a pre-emptive strike to an enemy that may one day attack was the best policy to adopt. 2 He utilised the aggression of the Helvetii tribes incursion into lands allied to the Romans to create open warfare with Gaul. This was an act of clear effective leadership by Caesar. By doing so he had seized the initiative not only to demonstrate his military prowess, but to make a strong political statement back in Rome. Many historians do not give this act much credence in it itself, but it was a singular one of brilliance. He did not wait for an opportunity to occur, he made the opportunity himself. Caesars enigma is that he was such an effective military man who also understood and took into account the political repercussions of his actions understanding their significance. In this episode Caesar openly displays a number of his more exceptional qualities as a general. Although a man blighted by physical weakness he stood and fought alongside his men facing the same hardships as they did; The iron bodied general who was capable of inspiring whole legions with his courage, who shared every vigour and hardship that he imposed upon his men. 3 This engagement alongside his soldiers the act of a truly different and exceptional leader in Caesars case. But can one man change the outcome of a battle? His own recordings in The Conquest of Gaul would argue so, but this is just evidence of his use of propaganda to further his political career. The political ramifications are kept in the background from any recordings and analysis of his life. The effects would have brought Rome into a period of safety and enhanced commercial growth; this must definitely be taken into account as one of Caesars main aims. He wanted to involve the people of Rome in the expansion he was accomplishing. Caesar very shrewdly evoked the fear that had plagued the Roman people and the Senate of the Gauls. Previously the Visigoths had sacked Rome and its memory had lingered. Through this he legitimised his war. He exhibited many attributes of an effective military leader. His victories made him a hero of the people, and increased his political power in Rome making it difficult for the Senate to stand against him. Through his military achievements he succeeded in his aims to prove himself and to make a political point to the Senate. Caesars conquest of Gaul was swift and decisive. In one instance he adapted his military genius into naval warfare. A new tactic saw the use of hooks to immobilise the Venetis (a northern Gallic tribe) vessels so that the Romans could more easily destroy them. 4 This is just one event among many where he proved his proficiency as a fighting man. The peace ensuing from his subjugation of Gaul had a number of effects; it enabled greater commerce between Rome and Gaul, and served to allay any fears of invasion. Ultimately leading to a more stable and powerful Rome. He succeeded in achieving his two main aims as a general, to prepare for his political career, and to engage the Roman people in his vision for a new empire. On the defeat of a German intrusion into Gaul Caesar applied Roman ingenuity and built a bridge across the Rhine which he immediately destroyed. This singular seemingly unimportant act was a major part of Caesars strategy. It is clear from Plutarch that Caesar when he could, would avoid military action, he did not always desire war. Philip Freeman agrees with Plutarch on this point, and there is much corroboration between historians on this. He aimed to achieve peace through negotiation rather than by force. Such as he did to the invading Germans until they broke dialogue with force. His action prevented a further invasion by Germanic tribes because he had emphasised his dominance, he was commander of a superior army. Alongside his strategy of forward defence, Caesar incorporated a rule of divide and conquer. By rewarding some tribes for their loyalty to Rome he extended his control over Gaul through their support, at the same time ruling other nations with an iron fist. In recognising that the tribes needed to be treated differently is a sign of his strong leadership. He was a man inclined to mercy until double crossed by those he had been merciful to, and then he became vengeful and aggressive. He rectified his mistakes immediately and did not dwell on them. This was an ability that sets him apart from other military commanders from history. The Gallic uprising of 54BC was a strong challenge to his control. It was at his siege of Alesia, the final large Gallic stronghold that exceptional examples of Caesars military prowess can be found. He entrenched his legions between two separate palisades. His victory at Alesia relied on timing. His cavalry placed behind the Gallic relief force engaged on his order at the most pivotal point of battle. This was greatest military victory of Caesars career and his most famous. He had established himself as a virtual king in Gaul. 5 He was an exceptional general, in that all historians agree. There is no debate that doubts his qualities as a military man. But Caesar did not experience an easy campaign during his time in Gaul. He did encounter failures. His invasions, first in 55BC he was forced to return having been woefully unprepared and then in 54BC due to the uprising led to disaster. This was not only a military but political failure also, he had promised Rome to have the island of Britain under control within a year. He was arrogant and had overestimated his ability. But his arrogance maintained his temperament; whatever his own doubt and weariness, his outward show of confidence remained as sovereign as ever. 6 Although in these examples Caesar had failed in his armed feats he took the criticism given by his opponents and continued resolutely, an indication of an effective leader. This opens a question on the judgement that led him to invade Britain? I would argue that it was simply because he believed that he could not fail. But this setback tempered his arrogance. In these two efforts he was not an effective leader, he had made a poor decision and was unsuccessful. But we cannot expect a general to be perfect. What sets Caesar apart from all others was his ability to rectify his mistakes. Following his initial loss against Vercingetorix he took the initiative in sieging Alesia, recouping any loss of prestige. To the Romans, no truer measure of a man could be found than his capacity to withstand grim ordeals of exhaustion and blood. By such reckoning, Caesar had proved himself the foremost man in the Republic. 7 Holland argues that due to Caesars military accomplishments only, he had established himself as the greatest man in Rome. On the other hand, Zwi Yavetz argues; he relied so much on his personal charm that he overlooked the need for tact Success lay open to a less brilliant and therefore more tolerant man [i. e. Augustus]8 Yavetz opinion that Augustus was a more brilliant man intimates that Julius was not preeminent. He takes into account his political career, and argues that his assassination was due to his personality, and therefore he was not an effective leader, he left Rome in a state of civil hostility and Augustus Caesar was a more appropriate man to succeed in Rome.

Thursday, September 5, 2019

The Significance Of The Enlightenment Philosophy Essay

The Significance Of The Enlightenment Philosophy Essay The purpose of writing this essay is to understand and analyse the significance of the Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method.This paper has been divided into three parts. The first part explains the reason of the coming of Enlightenment. Next,assessing the differences between theological interpretation and scientific method,and the third part analyses the Enlightenments spirit how to promote the development of scientific method.In addition,I will refer to a number of representative,for example,Newton,Rene Descartes, John Locke, David Hume,Rousseau, Kant and they rejected that theory was the only way leading to truth, condemning peoples thoughts about Christianity,celebrating reason,equality,science and humans ability to perfect themselves and society(Herry,J.2004).Their theories and contributions play an active role in the development of the scientific method .The overall purpose is to enable people to learn about the Enlightenment, the coming of scientific method ,and understand the significance of the Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry. At the beginning ,lets see the reason of the coming of the Enlightenment.Firstly,in the seventeen and eighteen century ,European societies underwent a transition from feudal society to a capitalist society.With the development of economic, the bourgeoisie hold a strong power. But the feudal autocratic system was a huge obstacle to their further development, in order to overthrow the feudal remnants and replace them, the bourgeoisie must create public opinion. This was the original prupose of English Enlightenment(Hamilton, P. 1992). Secondly, the occurrence of the Enlightenment had a close relationship between the development of the natural sciences.In the 17,18 century, the natural sciences has been rapid development. The development of the natural sciences provide the basis for the Enlightenment, as the Enlightenment thinkers in many ways from the emerging natural sciences to find the theoretical underpinnings and ways of thinking.In the 18th century ,natural philosophers believed that scientific revolution could change all human activity.On this period, there have been many enlightened thinkers,who forcefully dispelled the shackles of peoples mind of the medieval scholastic shackles,promote scientific experiments and celebrated reason,equality,science and humans ability to perfect themselves and society(Henry,J.2004).Enlightenment was generated in this request. And then formed the basic spirit of the Enlightenment,which was against the divine right of kings and advocated natural rights, which based on the development of modern science and led to generate a new world view. Enlightenment was an anti-feudal, anti-Christian ideology and culture of the revolutionary movement(Herry,J.2004).It was the furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth century, took placed during the seventeenth and eighteenth century in Europe, was originally produced in the UK, and then developed into France, Germany and Russia, in addition, the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries were also affected.The thinkers of the Enlightenment,based on reason and materialism,denounced the Christian idea of peoples inherent depravity,celebrating reason,equality,science and humans ability to perfect themselves and society (Outram,D). An important aspect of the Enlightenment flourished the development of science. The thinkers of the Scientific Revolution generated the concepts of inductive and deductive reasoning, stimulating the formation of the scientific method(Kuhn, T. 1962). The scientific method was the understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge or access to the procedure or process.Compared with theological interpretation,scientific method is practiced within using empirical evidence(empiricism), practicing logical reasonsing(rationalism),and had a skeptical about presumed knowledge (skepticism),that led to self-questioning, holding tentative conclusions, and was willing to change their religion(Steven, D 1994).The Empiricist Bacons New instrument (1620) and the rational commentators of Descartess Scientific method (1637) were represented the two wings of the scientific method the experience and assumptions inductive and deductive method. They laid the scientific method of pattern or schema.(Perry,M.1993) Enlightenments spirit promote the development of scientific method(Kuhn, T. 1962).In many ways, the basic spirit of the Enlightenment was against the divine right of kings and advocated natural rights, which based on the development of modern science and led to generate a new world view.In addition,the Enlightenment grew directly out of the scientific revolution(Kuhn, T. 1962).The Enlightenment thinkers admired the discoveries of the scientific method revolution and valued the method that made them possible.In a world , the Enlightenment promote the development of the scientific method of inquiry.Through the three generations of enlightenment and their contribution to be find. The Enlightenment was largely the work of three overlapping and closely linked generations of thinkers(Hamilton,1992:25). The first generation of Enlightenment thinkers were the English scientist Isaac Newton(1642-1727),political philosopher John Locke(1632-1704),the French thinkers Voltaire(1694-1778 ).In the 17th century, the great achievements of modern science has changed human life and world view. Newtons natural philosophy deciphered natures mysteries.In 1687,Newton published a famous book: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, in this book ,he provided a lot of mathematical evidence of the laws of gravity. He had uncovered universal laws that explained the physical phenomena,and provide clear and certain answers to the problem of the social world (Outram,D).Newton, considered one of the most influential scientists. He encouraged everyone to observe and realize the world. Equally important, Newton shows scientific ideas and methods can be applied to the development of science, not a moment to pave the way for many generations the enlightenment thinkers.(Henry,J.2004). One of the leaders of the Enlightenment Voltaire, who introduced Newtons system of thought to the center of movement France.A rational spirit of the Enlightenment was against the ignorance and mysticism, in fact,made a popularity of the spirit of science. During the same period,another philosophies John Locke developed Bacons idea that all ideas and derived all knowledge, opinions and behaviour had to based on sense expenses and attacked on metaphysics.According his thought,Locke established empiricism .And after that,Enlightenment thinkers held that people should not dwell on unanswered questions, especially should not spent time on the result of the theology, but should seek practical knowledge, inspired people and made them control their own environment(Outram,D).They thought that all of the theory must be analyzed to determine and the practical experience of mankind based on the confirmation.Lockes empiricism instead of chrity and verification and aspiried to useful knowledge.Thus, it helped to mold the utilitarian and reformist spirit of the Enlightenment. The second generation included the Scottish philosopher David Hume(1711-1776) and French philosopher Rousseau(1712-1778).It was more explicitly anticlericaland continued and developed the interest in the application of scientific method to moral(or social) issues developed by members of the first generation. The Scottish philosopher David Hume was influenced by John Locke,made a philosophical discovery that opened up to him a new senses of thought'(Hamilton, P. 1992).From then on,scientific method offered greater opportunities to question even basic assumption.In 1739 , David Hume published the Treatise of Human Nature argued that the problem of induction was unsolvable.Humes skepticism was based on experience,and based on the argument, these arguments were divided into two aspects: one was with Locke and Berkeley as the representative of the implementation of the principles of empiricism and the development of this argument will be advanced to British empiricism its logical conclusion, explaining that it implied skepticism; the other was through experience and psychological analysis demonstrates that the human while the existence of an object with the outside world, the same self and causality, etc., irresistible natural beliefs, However, we did not have these beliefs was based on objec tive reality, we can describe their psychological processes occur, but not for their objective validity of the defence.The most important of Humes approach was strong move against metaphysics as speculative and meaningless(Lindberg,1990).By 1750 the scientific method had already become inductive, historical, anthropological, comparative, and critical(Hamilton, P. 1992). In the same period,another Enlightenment thinkers Jean-Jacques Rousseau pointed out the accumulation of knowledge,which can help people to improve understanding but destruct the human morality(Stephen,E.B.2008). Rousseau questioned advanced in knowledge and advocated getting back to nature.Rousseaus argument for educational purposes in order to cultivate a natural person, and attacked the nobility and the feudal education, and he believed that nature did not manufacture the nobility and gentry, and everyone should, according to nature and life. In this respect, Rousseaus theory was a progressive of the educational purposes, but his theory of human nature was good when he born that was not science, because nature was just the potential physical and mental development, education can not be one-sided response to peoples instincts.In the new society,reason would be used to enhance mans innate goodness and to make him free.Rousseaus empnases on self-reliance and on learning by doing rathe r than by rote-the first book that Emile will read was Robinson Crusoe-make him a forerunner of the progressive education advocated. From then on ,scientific knowledge came to be seen as instrument for securing control over the human condition and make it better(Loflin,L). Enlightenment was characterized by doing away with superstition and mysticism, advocate science (natural philosophy, or simply said in philosophy) and reason this period was known as the Age of Reason(Kuhn, T) The ideal of the Enlightenment inspired many subsequent thinkers-The third generation included the German philosopher Kant (1724à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1804) who couraged people to use own intelligence to break with beliefs and institutions(Hamilton, P. 1992). Kant attempted to steer a middle course between two position of Rationalism and Empiricism.Reason and observation work together(Perry,M.1993).In 1784,Kant entitledwhat is Enlightenment?,in his essay,he expressed this central principle of the Enlightenment.He said Enlightenment was mans leaving his self-caused immaturity.Immaturity is the incapacity to use ones intelligence without the guidance of another. Have the courage to use your own intelligence,is therefore the motto of the enlightenment. Kant rejected the authority of tradition, the philosopher wanted people to have the courage to break with beliefs and institutions that did not meet the test of reason and common to seek new guideposts derived from reason.For Kant, the Enlightenment was a process of becoming enlightened(Perry,M.1993). This assignment has explained the central importance of the Enlightenment in the development of scientific method.In early modern time,from Bacon cannot link the relationship between truth and reason,and Descartes simply described the reason and truth,human reason and scientific method and progress.In the Pre-Modernment time,Enlightenment reached peak amongest the French philosopher.Using the scientific methods based on the nature of science ,which was the objective forms of knowledge. However, Enlightenment itself was in a moral restraint to improve society. In other words, the moral dimension of enlightenment was built on a specific value(Stephen,E.B 2008). From this point, Enlightenment can be seen as a standard program. Scientific method, on the other hand, regarded itself as one of the biggest pursuit of justice that was interested in discovery of facts in the form of objective à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“lawsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. We have seen Enlightenment enabled the study of social life to break away from religious interpretations and established human beings as the active agency in constructing scientific knowledge.In addition, the Enlightenment marks the final break between pre-modern and modern knowledge,for it transformed the way in which the system of knowledge related to the social structure and social agency.It operated principles of modern knowledge.At the same time,the development of the natural sciences provide the basis for the Enlightenment, as the Enlightenment thinkers in many ways from the emerging natural sciences to find the theoretical underpinnings and ways of thinking and lead to promote the scientific and economic, social and political transformation of development.